茶花女d

A. 茶花女是谁的歌剧

歌剧

茶花女(La Traviata)

皮阿维词
威尔第曲

《茶花女》是广大中国观众和读者所熟悉的一部作品，是三内幕歌剧。剧本是皮阿威容根据法国小仲马的同名悲剧改编而成，由威尔第作曲，皮亚维作词，1853年3月6日首演于威尼斯凤凰剧院。音乐以细微的心理描写、诚挚优美的歌词和感人肺腑的悲剧力量，集中体现了威尔第歌剧创作中期的基本特点。虽然由于各种社会原因而遭到失败，但它很快就得到了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一部具有出色艺术效果的巨著，并由此成为各国歌剧院中最受欢迎的作品之一。难怪《茶花女》的原作者小仲马要说：五十年后，也许谁也记不起我的小说《茶花女》了，但威尔第却使它成为不朽。剧本对被侮辱与被损害的弱者表示了深切的同情，对压迫下层市民的资产阶级偏见与世俗势力作了一定程度的揭露。它不仅饱含感情地写出了玛格丽特的不幸遭遇，为她的悲剧结局而叹息，而且突出了她那善良真诚的品格与崇高的自我牺牲精神。玛格丽特是一个沦落风尘但心地纯洁的女性形象。

（歌剧与小说人物的名字对照：薇奥莱塔--玛格丽特、罗多尔夫--阿尔芒）

B. 求《茶花女》的英文简介和内容介绍

La Dame aux camélias

[Francesco Maria Piave's libretto for La traviata is based upon the novel La Dame aux camélias by Alexandre Dumas, fils. The following article traces the creation of that work. - NMR]

Alexandre Dumas, fils (son), born in Paris in 1824, is considered one of the foremost French dramatists of the nineteenth century. He was the illegitimate son of Alexandre Dumas, pére (father), the author of such novels as The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers.

Dumas was raised by his seamstress mother, Catherine Labay, until his father legally recognized him and assumed responsibility for his care. He attended college but left before receiving a degree. His illegitimacy caused him much unhappiness, both in private school and in college where he had few friends. At age seventeen, he moved in with his father, soon adopted his extravagant lifestyle and fell into debt. At the theatre one evening he first saw Marie Duplessis, already famous in the demimonde for her beauty and ability to get men to spend money on her. In an episode reflected in the opera, he was at her home one day when a coughing episode resulted in her spitting up blood. He urged her to change her way of life, but she replied, "I should die. This life of excitement is what keeps me alive". He offered the kind of life she would need to get well, and she finally agreed upon the condition. "You are not to spy on me, you are not to ask questions; I shall live exactly as I please without giving you any account of what I do." Thus began liaison, as a result of which Dumas was soon deeply in debt. Finally, he decided he must break with her and sent her the following letter.

My dear Marie, I am neither rich enough to love you as I should like, nor poor enough to be loved by you as you would like. There is nothing for us to do but forget — you a name which must mean very little to you; I a happiness which is no longer possible for me. Needless to tell you how miserable I am, since you know how I love you. So, this is goodbye. You are too tenderhearted not to understand the reason for this letter, too intelligent not to forgive me. A thousand souvenirs, — A.D.

He was on a trip to Spain and North Africa when he learned that she was gravely ill. He wrote to her, telling her he would return and ask for her forgiveness. But he waited too long. Duplessis died of tuberculosis in 1846. Her tragic death, along with bitterness over his illegitimacy, inspire Dumas to write the novel La Dame aux camélias (The Lady of the Camellias), portions of which are based on the Duplessis-Dumas affair. The name of the hero, Armand Duval, is a thin disguise for the author. Actually, Dumas tells the story in the third person as it was related to him by Armand Duval.

Dumas ends his novel with great admiration for his heroine: "I do not draw from this story the conclusion that all women like Marguerite are capable of doing all that she did...far from it; but I have discovered that one of them experienced a serious love in the course of her life, that she suffered for it, and that she died of it". In life, Dumas had tried to save her; in the novel he tried to redeem her memory by making her a much less self-centered and more sympathetic character. This is the Marie best known today in her manifestations as Violetta, Camille and Marguerite.

Dumas's greatest triumph came in 1852 with the proction of the stage adaptation of the play based on this novel. It faithfully portrayed the life of a Parisian courtesan and brought realism to the French stage. His father was at first skeptical of the proposal to convert the novel to a play but so moved by the result that he agreed to proce it. Censors feared audiences would recognize characters as admirers of Duplessis and create a scandal, delaying the opening for four years. A powerful member of the nobility, the Duc de Morny, half brother of Napoleón III, supported Dumas, and the play was a success. It enabled Duma to pay off his debts, many incurred with Marie. Henry James later observed, "Some tender young men and some coughing young women have only to speak the lines to give it a great place among the love stories of the world". Giuseppe Verdi apparently heartily agreed because he based his popular opera La traviata on Dumas's work.

The success of La traviata did not quiet the critics of Dumas's La Dame aux camélias. Some considered the story poor and clumsy and said it cast a very thin veil over the most immoral acts. The same critics said Marguerite Gautier (the name given to the Duplessis in the play) is totally corrupt and in real life would not have given up her lover until he had no money left to support her. One wrote, "We are bound to protest against the false halo which he has shed round Marquerite to render her attractive to the undiscriminating reader".

The critics and essayists have continued to evaluate Dumas's work. In a 1972 essay, Roger Clark wrote, "It is a society from which there can be no escape, in which the penalty for non-conformity is death". In 1874, Dumas was elected to the illustrious L'Academie Française, an act which also prompted severe criticism. It was said, "In comedies inherently vicious he pauses to preach virtue but with language shocking even to vice, yet he has been elected a member of the French Academy, constituted to be a tribunal of taste".

Clayton Hamilton attempted to explain why the play has held the stage for over a century. He believes that it is because every celebrated actress desires to play the role of Marguerite Gautier.

No woman has ever failed as Camille (the name later given the heroine in this country for no explicable reason). It is kept alive because it contains a very easy and celebrated part that every ambitious actress wants to play. La Dame aux camélias is brought back decade after decade, not by reason of the permanent importance of the suthor but by reason of recurrent aspirations of an ever-growing group of emotional actresses.

Among the famous actresses who have had successes as Camille were Eleanora Duse, Sarah Bernhardt and Greta Garbo, who starred in the 1937 film with Robert Taylor. Bernhardt first played the role in her thirties and continued it until a number of her 'farewell' tours when she was seventy and had only one leg.

Dumas had a relationship with a Russian princess in 1859. A daughter was born, but they did not acknowledge her as theirs until the princess was widowed. He continued to write material that shocked his contemporaries — eleven of his plays have illicit love as a theme — yet he was admitted to the Legion d'honneur. His wife died in 1895 and, after marrying his long-time mistress, he died that same year.

In 1929, the Chicago Civic Opera proced a new work, Camille by a young American composer, Hamilton Forrest, and commissioned by the famous soprano, Mary Garden. It was to be sung in French with a contemporary setting. After many delays, it finally opened to mixed reviews. Mary Garden was acclaimed, the music less so. One critic called it a masterpiece, another saw no future for it. It had a few more performances, and parts were broadcast on the radio; then it disappeared. Despite some recent attempts to revive interest in it, Camille is probably doomed to obscurity, while Verdi's La traviata continues to be one of the most popular and frequently performed operas.

茶花女》是法国亚历山大·仲马（Alexandre Dumas，年7月27日-1895年11月27日）的代表作，他为了与同为作家的父亲作区别，多称小仲马（Dumas, fils）。他本身是法国剧作家、小说家。《茶花女》是小仲马的代表作。 《茶花女》（La traviata）亦是朱塞佩·威尔第（Giuseppe Verdi）作曲的四幕歌剧。意大利文剧本由皮亚威（Francesco Maria Piave）编写，改编自亚历山大·仲马於1848年出版的小说《茶花女》（The Lady of the Camellias，La dame aux Camélias）。歌剧於1853年3月6日在威尼斯凤凰歌剧院（Teatro la Fenice）首演。作品名称「La traviata」解作「流浪的妇人」，或「失落的人」。 故事的原著小说，亦被改拍成电影《茶花女》（Camille）（1936）。《情陷红磨坊》（Moulin Rouge!）（2001）亦是以茶花女作蓝本改编。

剧本简介
剧本。法国小仲马作于1848年。巴黎名妓玛格丽特为青年阿尔芒的真挚爱情所感动，毅然离开社交生活，与阿尔芒同居乡间。阿尔芒之父责备玛格丽特毁了儿子的前程，玛格丽特被迫返回巴黎重操旧业。阿尔芒盛怒之下，在社交场合当众羞辱她。玛格丽特一病不起，含恨而死。阿尔芒读了玛格丽特的遗书，方知真相，追悔莫及。

作者简介
小仲马（1824~1895），19 世纪法国著名小说家、戏剧家。他的父亲是以多产闻名于世的杰出作家大仲马。在大仲马奢侈豪华而又飘浮不定的生活影响下，小仲马最初“觉得用功和游戏都索然寡味”。20岁时，他就结识了一些有夫之妇，过着纸醉金边的生活。另一方面，小仲马就热切地期望着自己也能像父亲一样，扬名于文坛。于是，他也开始从现实中取材，从妇女、婚姻等问题中寻找创作的灵感。

剧情详介
玛格丽特原来是个贫苦的乡下姑娘，来到巴黎后，开始了卖笑生涯。由于生得花容月貌，巴黎的贵族公子争相追逐，成了红极一时的“社交明星”。她随身的装扮总是少不了一束茶花，人称“茶花女”。
茶花女得了肺病，在接受矿泉治疗时，疗养院里有位贵族小姐，身材、长相和玛格丽特差不多，只是肺病已到了第三期，不久便死了。小姐的父亲摩里阿龙公爵在偶然发现玛格丽特很像他女儿，便收她做了干女儿。玛格丽特说出了自己的身世，公爵答应只要她能改变自己过去的生活，便负担她的全部日常费用。但玛格丽特不能完全做到，公爵便将钱减少了一半，玛格丽特入不敷出，到现在已欠下几万法郎的债务。
一天晚上10多钟，玛格丽特回来后，一群客人来访。邻居普律当丝带来两个青年，其中一个是税务局长迪瓦尔先生的儿子阿尔芒·迪瓦尔，他疯狂地爱着茶花女。
一年前，玛格丽特生病期间，阿尔芒每天跑来打听病情，却不肯留下自己的姓名。普律当丝向玛格丽特讲了阿尔芒的一片痴情，她很感动。玛格丽特和朋友们跳舞时，病情突然发作，阿尔芒非常关切地劝她不要这样残害自己，并向玛格丽特表白自己的爱情。他告诉茶花女，他现在还珍藏着她六个月前丢掉的纽扣。玛格丽特原已淡薄的心灵再次动了真情，她送给阿尔芒一朵茶花，以心相许。
阿尔芒真挚的爱情激发了玛格丽特对生活的热望，她决心摆脱百无聊赖的巴黎生活，和阿尔芒到乡下住一段时间。她准备独自一人筹划一笔钱，就请阿尔芒离开她一晚上。阿尔芒出去找玛格丽特时，恰巧碰上玛格丽特过去的情人，顿生嫉妒。他给玛格丽特写了一封措辞激烈的信，说他不愿意成为别人取笑的对象，他将离开巴黎。
但他并没有走，玛格丽特是他整个希望和生命，他跪着请玛格丽特原谅他，玛格丽特对阿尔芒倾述“你是我在烦乱的孤寂生活中所呼唤的一个人”。
经过努力，玛格丽特和阿尔芒在巴黎郊外租把一间房子。公爵知道后，断绝了玛格丽特的经济来源。她背着阿尔芒，典当了自己的金银首饰和车马来支付生活费用。阿尔芒了解后，决定把母亲留给他的一笔遗产转让，以还清玛格丽特所欠下的债务。经纪人要他去签字，他离开玛格丽特去巴黎。
那封信原来是阿尔芒的父亲迪瓦尔先生写的，他想骗阿尔芒离开，然后去找玛格丽特。告诉玛格丽特，他的女儿爱上一个体面的少年，那家打听到阿尔芒和玛格丽特的关系后表示：如果阿尔芒不和玛格丽特断绝关系，就要退婚。玛格丽特痛苦地哀求迪瓦尔先生，如果要让她与阿尔芒断绝关系，就等于要她的命，可迪瓦尔先生毫不退让。为阿尔芒和他的家庭，她只好作出牺牲，发誓与阿尔芒绝交。
玛格丽特非常悲伤地给阿尔芒写了封绝交信，然后回到巴黎，又开始了昔日的荒唐的生活。她接受了瓦尔维勒男爵的追求，他帮助她还清了一切债务，又赎回了首饰和马车。阿尔芒也怀着痛苦的心情和父亲回到家乡。
阿尔芒禁仍深深地怀念着玛格丽特，他又失魂落魄地来到巴黎。他决心报复玛格丽特的“背叛”。他找到了玛格丽特，处处给她难堪。骂她是没有良心、无情无义的娼妇，把爱情作为商品出卖。玛格丽特面对阿尔芒的误会，伤心地劝他忘了自己，永远不要再见面。阿尔芒却要她与自己一同逃离巴黎，逃到没人认识他们的地方，紧紧守着他们的爱情。玛格丽特说她不能那样，因为她已经起过誓，阿尔芒误以为她和男爵有过海誓山盟，便气愤地给玛格丽特写信侮辱她，并寄去了一叠钞票 玛格丽特受了这场刺激，一病不起。新年快到了，玛格丽特的病情更严重了，脸色苍白，没有一个人来探望她，她感到格外孤寂。迪瓦尔先生来信告诉她，他感谢玛格丽特信守诺言，已写信把事情的真象告诉了阿尔芒，现在玛格丽特唯一的希望就是再次见到阿尔芒。
临死前，债主们都来了，带着借据，逼她还债。执行官奉命来执行判决，查封了她的全部财产，只等她死后就进行拍卖。弥留之际，她不断地呼喊着阿尔芒的名字，“从她的睛里流出了无声的眼泪”。她始终没有再见到她心爱的人。 死后只有一个好心的邻居米利为她入殓。当阿尔芒重回到巴黎时，她把玛格丽特的一本日记交给了她。从日记中，阿尔芒才知道了她的高尚心灵。“除了你的侮辱是你始终爱我的证据外，我似乎觉得你越是折磨我，等到你知道真相的那一天，我在你眼中也就会显得越加崇高。”
阿尔芒怀着无限的悔恨与惆怅，专门为玛格丽特迁坟安葬，并在她的坟前摆满了白色的茶花。

C. 茶花女的原创是谁

茶花女
(La
Traviata)歌剧「茶花女」的原作是法国文豪小仲马(
Alexandre
D
1824.1895.以「
三剑客
」、「山
恩仇记
」着称于世的大仲马之子)的着名小说。这本小说出版于1848年,翌年作者自身将其改编成戏剧,但迟至1852午纔在舞台上演出。据说当时旅居巴黎的
威尔第
观赏此出戏剧之后甚受感动.乃决意将其歌剧化,而委托编写「
弄臣
」歌剧剧本的毕亚维(F.M.Piave)着手编写剧本。当时威尔威尔第(Verdi,
Giuseppe
1813-1901)第正在谱作「游唱诗人」该歌剧完成之后.立刻着手新作的谱写,而于短短的四周内完或了全曲。「茶花女」的首演,较「游唱诗入」仅晚了七个星期.于1853年8月6日在威尼斯的
菲尼
奇剧院演出,结果完全归于失败。其原因是饰唱女主角的
女高音
过于肥胖,根本不像患
肺痨
的薇娥丽塔.而
男高音
也因感冒声音沙哑,同时剧情是当代的现实故事,使用同时代的服装与布景,引不起看惯了
金璧
辉煌古装歌剧的观众之兴趣。因此,第二年在威尼斯培内烈特剧院再演时,改换了故事的时代背景为
路易十三
时代,并使用了华丽辉煌的古装道具,结果获得了大成功。

D. 歌剧茶花女的作者是谁

茶花来女》原著作者是法国的源著名作家小仲马。威尔第的这部歌剧就是根据原著小说写成的。其实歌剧名\"La traviata\"意思是堕落女人，讲的是一个交际花的爱情悲剧故事。 \n主角维奥莉塔(Violetta)是著名交际花，在欧法里多(Alfredo)的追求下两人相爱。欧法里多的父亲知道后要维奥莉塔离开欧法里多，于是维奥莉塔离开欧法里多，欧法里多不理解，在一次宴会之中羞辱维奥莉塔，并伤人离开国家。后来欧法里多知道实情，于是回来找昔日情人。但是这时维奥莉塔已患病垂死。最后故事悲剧收场。 \n\n1853年3月茶花女首演。首演的主角是体重130公斤的Fanny Salvini-Donatelli，她本来不是威尔第的首选女主角，但最后都由这位身材与充满魅力的交际花不相称的女高音演维奥莉塔，演出极其失败。第二年威尔第再演却获得空前成功。 \n这部歌剧中的音乐有威尔第最吸引人的歌剧音乐。著名的部分有饮酒歌、咏叹调“我将永远自由”等。 \n茶花女在歌剧历史上是一部不朽的作品，到现在仍常演不衰。它也是著名女高音必录的歌剧，到现在为止录音累计有几十种。

E. 茶花女d的时代地域建筑文化背景、歌剧情节、舞台设计、演唱艺术、旋律

你果断也在上尙涛的课 后天就交作业考试了 赶紧自己写吧

F. 茶花女滴原型，名字叫什么

茶花女，出身在诺曼底的一个贫农家庭。她父亲曾是一个跑江湖的术士，酗酒，打老婆。她母亲因不堪虐待，早故。12岁的她跟着一个卖艺老头四处流浪。后来，她只身来到花花世界的巴黎，经过一段艰难的岁月，靠她的天性聪颖，凭着自己的美貌，逐渐放荡沉沦，不久便成为红粉世界里的一颗新星。达官贵人，豪门富商，纷纷拜倒在她的石榴裙下。这时，她觉得自己的名字太土气，便改名为“玛丽”，为了显示有贵族气派，又在自己的姓前面加了个“迪”，于是，玛丽·迪普莱希，就成了当年巴黎交际界红极一时的“女王”。玛丽生性偏爱茶花，每逢外出，随身必带茶花，其颜色时红时白。据说，这是她暗示客人的信号：红色表示这一天不能接待客人；白色则意味欢迎来访。或许这正是“茶花女”得名的由来。然而，茶花女正当春风得意之时，却患上了肺结核病。不久，便于1847年香销玉殒，终年仅23岁。她一生短促、凄美，红颜薄命，让人哀叹。茶花女无亲无戚，她死后，是两个旧情人为她操办了简单的后事。茶花女的墓，位于巴黎东北角的蒙马特尔公墓区内。公墓是社会的缩影，有豪门大宅，也有平民小区。茶花女出身贫苦，身后萧条，她的墓自然坐落在平民小区——偏僻的第15墓区。茶花女的墓为石筑，形制颇高。两侧刻写着她的真名实姓：“阿尔封西娜·普莱西（1824.1.19－1847.2.3）长眠于此”。茶花女虽无亲属，可她的墓前，一年四季却不断有各种各样的花摆在那儿。这是世界各地游客从四面八方给她带来的心意。

G. 名著《茶花女》的作者是（ ）。

【答案】C
【答案解析】
《茶花女》是法国亚历山大·小仲马的代表作，讲述在版19世纪40年代，一个权叫阿尔丰西娜·
普莱西的贫苦乡下姑娘来到巴黎，走进了名利场，成了上流社会的一个社交明星。在她的卖笑生涯中她改名玛丽·杜普莱西，并结识了阿尔芒·迪瓦尔，于是两人开始了一段爱情故事。

H. 茶花女内容简介,短小一点

茶花女
①小仲马小说《茶花女》

剧情介绍：

玛格丽特原来是个贫苦的乡下姑娘，来到巴黎后，开始了卖笑生涯。由于生得花容月貌，巴黎的贵族公子争相追逐，成了红极一时的“社交明星”。她随身的装扮总是少不了一束茶花，人称“茶花女”。

茶花女得了肺病，在接受矿泉治疗时，疗养院里有位贵族小姐，身材、长相和玛格丽特差不多，只是肺病已到了第三期，不久便死了。小姐的父亲摩里阿龙公爵在偶然发现玛格丽特很像他女儿，便收她做了干女儿。玛格丽特说出了自己的身世，公爵答应只要她能改变自己过去的生活，便负担她的全部日常费用。但玛格丽特不能完全做到，公爵便将钱减少了一半，玛格丽特入不敷出，到现在已欠下几万法郎的债务。

一天晚上10多钟，玛格丽特回来后，一群客人来访。邻居勃吕当司带来两个青年，其中一个是税务局长杜瓦先生的儿子阿芒·杜瓦，他风狂地爱着茶花女。

一年前，玛格丽特生病期间，阿芒每天跑来打听病情，却不肯留下自己的姓名。勃吕当司向玛格丽特讲了阿芒的一片痴情，她很感动。玛格丽特和朋友们跳舞时，病情突然发作，阿芒非常关切地劝她不要这样残害自己，并向玛格丽特表白自己的爱情。他告诉茶花女，他现在还珍藏着她六个月前丢掉的纽扣。玛格丽特原已淡薄的心灵再次动了真情，她送给阿芒一朵茶花，以心相许。

阿芒真挚的爱情激发了玛格丽特对生活的热望，她决心摆脱百无聊赖的巴黎生活，和阿芒到乡下住一段时间。她准备独自一人筹划一笔钱，就请阿芒离开她一晚上。阿芒出去时，恰巧碰上玛格丽特过去的情人，顿生嫉妒。他给玛格丽特写了一封措辞激烈的信，说他不愿意成为别人取笑的对象，他将离开巴黎。

但他并没有走，玛格丽特是他整个希望和生命，他跪着请玛格丽特原谅他，玛格丽特对阿芒倾述“你是我在烦乱的孤寂生活中所呼唤的一个人”。

经过努力，玛格丽特和阿芒在巴黎效外租把一间房子。公爵知道后，断绝了玛格丽特的经济来源。她背着阿芒，典当了自己的金银首饰和车马来支付生活费用。阿芒了解后，决定把母亲留给他的一笔遗产转让，以还清玛格丽特所欠下的债务。经纪人要他去签字，他离开玛格丽特去巴黎。

那封信原来是阿芒的父亲杜瓦先生写的，他想骗阿芒离开，然后去找玛格丽特。告诉玛格丽特他的女儿，爱上一个体面的少年，那家打听到阿芒和玛格丽特的关系后表示：如果阿芒不和玛格丽特断绝关系，是要退婚。玛格丽特痛苦地哀求杜瓦先生，如果要让她与阿芒断绝关系，就等于要她的命，可杜瓦先生毫不退让。为阿芒和他的家庭，她只好作出牺牲，发誓与阿芒绝交。

玛格丽特非常悲伤地给阿芒写了封绝交信，然后回到巴黎，又开始了昔日的荒唐的生活。她接受了瓦尔维勒男爵的追求，他帮助她还清了一切债务，又赎回了首饰和马车。阿芒也怀着痛苦的心情和父亲回到家乡。

阿芒禁仍深深地怀念着玛格丽特，他又失魂落魄地来到巴黎。他决心报复玛格丽特的“背叛”。他找到了玛格丽特，处处给她难堪。骂她是没有良心、无情无义的娼妇，把爱情作为商品出卖。玛格丽面对阿芒的误会，伤心地劝他忘了自己，永远不要再见面。阿芒却要她与自己一同逃离巴黎，逃到没人认识他们的地方，紧紧守着他们的爱情。玛格丽特说她不能那样，因为她已经起过誓，阿芒误以为她和男爵有过海誓山盟，便气愤地把玛格丽特推倒，把一叠钞票扔在她身上，转身离去。玛格丽特大叫一声，昏倒在地。

玛格丽特受了这场刺激，一病不起。男爵与阿芒决斗受了伤，阿芒出国了。新年快到了，玛格丽特的病情更严重了，脸色苍白，没有一个人来探望她，她感到格外孤寂。杜瓦先生来信告诉她，他感谢玛格丽特信守诺言，已写信把事情的真象告诉了阿芒，现在玛格丽特唯一的希望就是再次见到阿芒。

临死前，债主们都来了，带着借据，逼她还债。执行官奉命来执行判决，查封了她的全部财产，只等她死后就进行拍卖。弥留之际，她不断地呼喊着阿芒的名字，“从她的睛里流出了无声的眼泪”。她始终没有再见到她心爱的人。

死后只有一个好心的邻居米利为她入殓。当阿芒重回到巴黎时，她把玛格丽特的一本日记交给了她。从日记中，阿芒才知道了她的高尚心灵。“除了你的侮辱是你始终爱我的证据外，我似乎觉得你越是折磨我，等到你知道真相的那一天，我在你眼中也就会显得越加崇高。”

阿芒怀着无限的悔恨与惆怅，专门为玛格丽特迁坟安葬，并在她的坟前摆满了白色的茶花。

I. 茶花女作者介绍(英语+中文)

亚历山大·小仲马 Alexandre Dumas fils （1824～1895）是法国著名小说家大仲马当公务员时与一女裁缝所生的私生子。受父亲影响，他也热爱文学创作，并且和他父亲一样勤奋，成为法国戏剧由浪漫主义向现实主义过渡期间的重要作家。大仲马很为有这样的儿子而自豪。传说曾经有人问大仲马一生中最得意的作品是哪部，大仲马自豪地回答：小仲马。和大仲马侧重表现历史，专写历史剧和历史小说不同，小仲马则专写现代剧。小仲马幼年饱尝家庭不幸带来的种种辛酸和痛苦，亲眼看到大仲马一生受累于种种桃色事件，并因此落得晚景贫困凄凉。所以小仲马在他的作品中大力宣扬家庭及婚姻的神圣，对资产阶级社会风气、家庭生活和伦理道德做了比较细致的描绘和揭露，抨击了娼妓社会对家庭婚姻的威胁，歌颂了纯洁高尚的爱情，成为社会问题剧的创始人之一。
小仲马的代表作是《茶花女》，开始为小说，后被改编为话剧，它赞颂了玛格莉特出自淤泥而不染的高尚情操。话剧一上演，立即轰动了整个巴黎。小仲马从此后专门从事话剧创作，其他比较有名的作品有《私生子》、《金钱问题》、《放荡的父亲》《欧勃雷夫人的见解》《半上流社会》《阿尔丰斯先生》《福朗西雍》等。大都以妇女、婚姻、家庭为题材，真实地反映出社会生活的一个侧面。他的作品富有生活气息，感情真切自然，语言通俗流畅。

Dumas was born in Paris, France, the illegitimate child of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (1794-1868), a dressmaker, and novelist Alexandre Dumas. During 1831 his father legally recognized him and ensured that the young Dumas received the best ecation possible at the Institution Goubaux and the Collège Bourbon. At that time, the law allowed the elder Dumas to take the child away from his mother. Her agony inspired Dumas fils to write about tragic female characters. In almost all of his writings, he emphasized the moral purpose of literature and in his play The Illegitimate Son (1858) he espoused the belief that if a man fathers an illegitimate child then he has an obligation to legitimize the child and marry the woman.

Dumas' paternal great-grandparents were a French nobleman and a Haitian woman. In boarding schools, Dumas fils was constantly taunted by his classmates. These issues all profoundly influenced his thoughts, behaviour, and writing.

During 1844 Dumas moved to Saint-Germain-en-Laye to live with his father. There, he met Marie Duplessis, a young courtesan who would be the inspiration for his romantic novel The Lady of the Camellias. Adapted into a play, it was titled in English (especially in the United States) as Camille and is the basis for Verdi's 1853 opera, La Traviata. Although he admitted that he had done the adaptation because he needed the money, he had a great success with the play. Thus began the career of Dumas fils as a dramatist, which was not only more renowned than that of his father ring his lifetime but also dominated the serious French stage for most of the second half of the 19th century. After this, he virtually abandoned writing novels (though his semi-autobiographical L'Affaire Clemenceau (1867) achieved some success).

Tomb of Dumas fils in Montmartre Cemetery.On 31 December 1864, Dumas married Nadjeschda von Knorring (1826 – April 1895), daughter of Johan Reinhold von Knorring and wife, and widow of Alexander, Prince Naryschkine, whom he married at Moscow and with whom he had two daughters: Marie-Alexandrine-Henriette Dumas, born 20 November 1860, who married Maurice Lippmann and was the mother of Serge Napoléon Lippmann (1886–1975) and Auguste Alexandre Lippmann (1881–1960); and Jeanine Dumas (3 May 1867–), who married Ernest d' Hauterive (1864–1957), son of George Lecourt d' Hauterive and wife (married in 1861) Léontine de Leusse. After Naryschkine's death, he married in June 1895 Henriette Régnier de La Brière (1851–1934), without issue.

During 1874, he was admitted to the Académie française and in 1894 he was awarded the Légion d'honneur.

Alexandre Dumas fils died at Marly-le-Roi, Yvelines, on November 27, 1895 and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris. His grave is, perhaps coincidentally, only some 100 metres away from that of Marie Duplessis.

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The Lady of the Camellias (Camille) (1848)
L'affaire Clemenceau (The Clemenceau Case) (1867)
[edit] Opera
Verdi's La Traviata based on the novel The Lady of the Camellias
[edit] Plays
Atala (1848)
The Lady of the Camellias (1852)
Diane de Lys (1853)
Le Bijou de la reine (1855)
Le Demi-monde (1855)
La Question d'argent (1857)
Le Fils naturel (The Illegitimate Son) (1858)
Un Père prodigue (1859)
Un Mariage dans un chapeau (1859) coll. Vivier
L'Ami des femmes (1864)
Le Supplice d'une femme (1865) coll. Emile de Girardin
Heloise Paranquet (1866) coll. Durentin
Les Idees de Madame Aubray (1867)
Le Filleul de Pompignac (1869) coll. Francois
Une Visite de noces (1871)
La Princesse Georges (1871)
La Femme de Claude (1873)
Monsieur Alphonse (1873)
L'étrangère (1876)
Les Danicheff (1876) coll. de Corvin
La Comtesse Romani (1876) coll. Gustave Fould
La Princesse de Bagdad (1881)
Denise (1885)
Francillon (1887)
La Route de Thebes (unfinished)

英语和中文内容出自不同地方，所以不能完全一致，请参考

J. 茶花女的主要内容概括(中文)

<<茶花女>>的意大利名称为Traviata，原意为"一个堕落的女人"(或"失足者")，一般均译作"茶花女"。歌剧描写了十九世纪上半叶巴黎社交场上一个具有多重性格的人物--玛格丽特。她名噪一时，才华出众，过着骄奢淫逸的妓女生活，却并没有追求名利的世俗作风，是一个受迫害的妇女形象。虽然她赢得了阿尔弗雷德·阿芒的爱情，但她为了挽回一个所谓体面家庭"的"荣誉"，决然放弃了自己的爱情，使自己成为上流社会的牺牲品。剧情梗概是因喜爱茶花而被称为"茶花女"的巴黎名妓玛格丽特原是一名商店职员，沦落为娼妓后，虽然过着一掷千金的生活，但精神与肉体上却蒙受着巨大的痛苦，因而身染重病。一个偶然的机会，她结识了一位青年阿芒，阿芒已在暗中爱了她4年。见面后，玛格丽特正巧发病，其他人对此漠不关心，而阿芒却真诚地照护她、体贴她。玛格丽特深受感动，接受了阿芒的爱情。

为了摆脱那种奢华但又令人窒息的环境，她倾全部积蓄，与阿芒到乡间居住，平静的生活中两情缱绻，十分恩爱。不料阿芒的父亲闻讯后大怒，赶来乡间兴师问罪，当他得知玛格丽特对自己儿子确是一片真心后，有所触动，但仍坚决要求她与儿子断绝关系。玛格丽特考虑到阿芒将来的幸福，忍痛答应阿芒父亲的要求，给阿芒留了一封信，假称自己已做了别人的情妇，又重回巴黎。阿芒不知内情，指责她为了享乐而负心绝情。玛格丽特遭此打击，顿时晕倒，病情加剧，生命垂危。至此，阿芒父亲才将真情告诉儿子，阿芒怀着歉疚之情再次回到玛格丽特身边时，她已是奄奄一息，最后带着无法实现爱情与家庭幸福的遗恨，离开了人间。